Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
MTZ-Fachkongress

Antriebe und Energiesysteme von morgen


Austausch von Automobil- und Energiewirtschaft

Am 14./15. Mai geht es in Chemnitz um die Mobilitätswende durch Elektro- und Wasserstofffahrzeuge.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben

Open Access 2024 | Open Access | Buch

Buchtitelbild

Climate Disaster Preparedness

Reimagining Extreme Events through Art and Technology

herausgegeben von: Dennis Del Favero, Susanne Thurow, Michael J. Ostwald, Ursula Frohne

Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland

Buchreihe : Arts, Research, Innovation and Society

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Inhaltsverzeichnis
insite
SUCHEN

Über dieses Buch

As a result of global warming, extreme events, such as firestorms and flash floods, pose increasingly unpredictable and uncertain existential threats, taking lives, destroying communities, and wreaking havoc on habitats. Current aesthetic, technological and scientific frameworks struggle to imagine, visualise and rehearse human interactions with these events, hampering the development of proactive foresight, readiness and response.

This open access book demonstrates how the latest advances in creative arts, intelligent systems and climate science can be integrated and leveraged to transform the visualisation of extreme event scenarios. It reframes current practice from passive perception of pre-scripted illustrations to active immersion in evolving life-like interactive scenarios that are geo-located. Drawing on the multidisciplinary expertise of leaders in the creative arts, climate sciences, environmental engineering, and intelligent systems, this book examines the waysin which climate disaster preparedness can be reformulated through practices that address dynamic and unforeseen interactions between climate and human life worlds. Grouped into four sections (picturing, narrating, rehearsing, and communicating), this book maps this approach by exploring the emerging strengths and current limitations of each discipline in addressing the challenge of envisioning the unpredictable interaction of extreme events with human populations and environments.

This book provides a timely intervention into the global discourse on how art, culture and technology can address climate disaster resilience. It appeals to readers from multiple fields, offering academic, industry and community audiences novel insights into a profound gap in the current knowledge, policy and action landscape.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
PDF

Open Access

Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
As global warming accelerates, climate events such as extreme fires and floods are escalating in their unpredictability, intensity and frequency, taking lives, destroying communities and wreaking havoc on habitats. The scope, scale and uncertainty of these extreme events, and their impacts on human populations, are demolishing commonly held beliefs about safety, cultural norms and emergency protocols. Preparing for these threats at the community level, not simply mitigating and managing their impact, is an increasingly existential task. Without the ability to experientially preview and address these unforeseen vulnerabilities in situ, it is extremely challenging for researchers, frontline personnel and local communities to understand their likelihood, let alone engage with practices that minimise the devastation they entail to build the imaginative readiness required.
Dennis Del Favero, Susanne Thurow, Michael J. Ostwald, Ursula Frohne
PDF Zum Volltext

Picturing

Frontmatter

Open Access

Chapter 2. Reimagining Extreme Event Scenarios: The Aesthetic Visualisation of Climate Uncertainty to Enhance Preparedness
Abstract
Responding to the rapidly escalating climate emergency, this chapter outlines transformative multidisciplinary research centred on the visualisation of unpredictable extreme event scenarios. It proposes a unique, scientifically grounded artistic approach to one of the world’s most immediate challenges—preparing communities for extreme climate events, such as firestorms and flash floods. As preparedness is a function of prior threat experience, it argues that visualising threat scenarios in advance can be a key to surviving and adapting in an era of increasing climate instability. This approach can enable communities to viscerally experience and rehearse threat perception, situational awareness, adaptive decision making and dynamic response to unexpected life-threatening extreme events. Using experimental case studies at The University of New South Wales’s iCinema Research Centre and international benchmarks, this chapter explores how advances in immersive visualisation and artificial intelligence aesthetics can be integrated to provide a framework that enables the virtual prototyping of unforeseen geolocated climate scenarios to facilitate readiness in the face of accelerating climate uncertainty.
Dennis Del Favero, Susanne Thurow, Maurice Pagnucco, Ursula Frohne
PDF Zum Volltext

Open Access

Chapter 3. Latest Advances and Challenges in Extreme Flood 3D Simulation
Abstract
This chapter canvasses the latest developments in the modelling and communication of environmental extremes, with a focus on floods. Three scenarios are explored. The first refers to real-time prediction, including the current modelling basis that is adopted, and the visualisation/communication strategies in place. The second refers to an environmental extreme event that is conditional to a failure scenario, as is the case when an existing infrastructure (i.e. levee or spillway in an extreme flood) fails. The third, more complex scenario is the occurrence of a compound or joint extreme, possibly in the future, where extreme storms will intensify. A compound extreme here could represent a flood event that follows from an incident of rare storm conditions on a fire-damaged landscape. While the modelling challenges are significant, visualisation is even more challenging, as the scenario occurs under a hypothetical future. Demonstrating how coupled models can support the anticipation of extreme event scenarios, the chapter considers implications for risk assessment and communication that can support future preparedness and resilience. Surveying knowledge gaps that still need to be bridged, the authors formulate a list of key requirements in the fields of data availability, processing and representation.
Ashish Sharma, Fiona M. Johnson
PDF Zum Volltext

Open Access

Chapter 4. Intelligent Architectures for Extreme Event Visualisation
Abstract
Realistic immersive visualisation can provide a valuable method for studying extreme events and enhancing our understanding of their complexity, underlying dynamics and human impacts. However, existing approaches are often limited by their lack of scalability and incapacity to adapt to diverse scenarios. In this chapter, we present a review of existing methodologies in intelligent visualisation of extreme events, focusing on physical modelling, learning-based simulation and graphic visualisation. We then suggest that various methodologies based on deep learning and, particularly, generative artificial intelligence (AI) can be incorporated into this domain to produce more effective outcomes. Using generative AI, extreme events can be simulated, combining past data with support for users to manipulate a range of environmental factors. This approach enables realistic simulation of diverse hypothetical scenarios. In parallel, generative AI methods can be developed for graphic visualisation components to enhance the efficiency of the system. The integration of generative AI with extreme event modelling presents an exciting opportunity for the research community to rapidly develop a deeper understanding of extreme events, as well as the corresponding preparedness, response and management strategies.
Yang Song, Maurice Pagnucco, Frank Wu, Ali Asadipour, Michael J. Ostwald
PDF Zum Volltext

Open Access

Chapter 5. Simulation of Extreme Fire Event Scenarios Using Fully Physical Models and Visualisation Systems
Abstract
Although extreme wildland fires used to be rare events, their frequency has been increasing, and they are now causing enormous destruction. Therefore, understanding such fire events is crucial for global ecological and human communities. Predicting extreme fire events is an imperative yet challenging task. As these destructive events cannot be investigated via experimental field studies, physical modelling can be an alternative. This chapter explores the capability of fully physical fire models to simulate these events and the potential of integrating these simulations with advanced visualisation systems supported by machine learning. By presenting case studies and future directions, we emphasise the potential and necessity of this integration for improved fire management and policy making.
Khalid Moinuddin, Carlos Tirado Cortes, Ahmad Hassan, Gilbert Accary, Frank Wu
PDF Zum Volltext

Open Access

Chapter 6. Immersive Visualisation Systems as Alignment Strategies for Extreme Event Scenarios
Abstract
Immersive systems are increasingly used to train first responders and prepare communities for extreme climate events. This chapter considers alignment issues that arise in their development and discusses how they might be resolved—taking as case study the iFire system currently being designed at the iCinema Research Centre. We particularly focus on ways to maximise the two non-moral values that define the success of any such system as well as of associated climate science: accuracy and verisimilitude. Drawing on the work of Shepherd et al. (2018) and Sharples et al. (2016), we theorise the epistemic and situational challenges to arrive at these values. Exploring solutions already proposed through the related concepts of ‘storylines’ (Shepherd, 2019), ‘scenarios’ (Lempert, 2013) and ‘tales’ (Hazeleger et al., 2015), we show how iFire’s values may be maximised through composition strategies derived from these concepts. Using this approach, we explain how iFire may ‘simulate’ links between uncertainty and affect to enhance decision making in uncertain circumstances. Our key findings are that alignment strategies for iFire are best described as ‘interpretable’ (rather than ‘explainable’) and can be achieved through qualitative methods. These describe compositional strategies deployed by the user that support reflective management of uncertainty.
Baylee Brits, Yang Song, Carlos Tirado Cortes
PDF Zum Volltext

Narrating

Frontmatter

Open Access

Chapter 7. Moving Beyond Recovery and Reconstruction: Imagining Extreme Event Preparedness Through Performing Arts
Abstract
This chapter begins by examining the importance of resilience in response to extreme weather events, before considering the role of performing arts projects in dealing with the aftermath of disaster. Including First Nations approaches, examples from diverse cultural settings and the powerful potential of digital technology, it reveals how performing arts endeavours afford aesthetic opportunities that can give voice to and make sense of crisis experiences that precipitate mental health and wellbeing challenges as devastating as the events themselves. Drawing on critical research findings including those from the 10-year Beyond Bushfires study in Australia, the authors demonstrate how empathy and social bonding can be fostered through artistic engagements to develop personal and community resilience and support creative recovery. Forewarning the accelerating and intensifying unpredictable character of disasters driven by climate change, the authors go on to underscore the need for significantly greater preparedness for future crisis events. Engaging with a small body of existing work, the authors investigate the possibilities of ‘performing preparedness’ – embracing storytelling, embodied performance practices and digital technology as routes to developing agency, empowerment, understanding and strategies that can build capacity for dynamic readiness in rapidly evolving and unforeseen crises.
Jane W. Davidson, Sarah Woodland, Helena Grehan, Simonne Pengelly, Linda Hassall
PDF Zum Volltext

Open Access

Chapter 8. Iconographies of Climate Catastrophe: The Representation of Climate Change in Art and Film
Abstract
This chapter reviews visual representations of climate in art and film across the last few decades, exploring shifting artistic, cinematic, televisual and narrative practices that have more recently shaped the communication of the climate emergency. It explores the iconographies that artists and filmmakers have used in the shift from representing contemporaneous and local environmental challenges to depicting the future consequences of climate warming, including widespread biospheric change. The authors sketch the shifting screen media formulations that imagine climate catastrophes, observing how both documentary film, television and contemporary art draw on popular and professional media practices, including news formats and visual effects.
Charles Green, Belinda Smaill, Seán Cubitt
PDF Zum Volltext

Open Access

Chapter 9. Representing the Climate Crisis: Aesthetic Framings in Contemporary Performing and Visual Arts
Abstract
This chapter reviews the representation of climate change in performing and visual arts over the past ten years, canvassing the aesthetic exploration of the climate emergency in selected international works by surveying emergent narrative themes, key dramaturgical shifts and aesthetic strategies. Discussing the limitations of anthropocentric conventions, it investigates innovative approaches and their capability to generate knowledge about the dynamics of Earth processes and humanity’s embeddedness and interference with them. Looking to novel experimental work currently in development at The University of New South Wales (UNSW)’s iCinema Research Centre, we speculate how these emergent aesthetics may be further developed to augment the arts’s capability to deepen insight and strengthen preparedness in a rapidly transforming world.
Susanne Thurow, Helena Grehan, Maurice Pagnucco
PDF Zum Volltext

Rehearsing

Frontmatter

Open Access

Chapter 10. Supporting Disaster Preparedness Through User-Centred Interaction Design in Immersive Environments
Abstract
At a time when wildfires and severe floods are challenging human society in unprecedented ways, we examine how immersive virtual environments can be used to enhance community preparedness for, and engagement with, disaster scenarios. Drawing on research from the fields of interaction design and participatory design, we explore the capacity of three-dimensional (3D) immersive virtual environments to foster increased situational awareness and risk perception among diverse communities—from first responders to local populations. Investigating tangible interfaces and interaction schemas applied to spatialised settings, we demonstrate how immersive environments can support effective scenario testing and rehearsal of responses to hazardous situations. Application of the described methods can equip users with response strategies that may prove productive in augmenting risk perception and deliberation.
Alethea Blackler, Nagida Helsby-Clark, Michael J. Ostwald, Marcus Foth
PDF Zum Volltext

Open Access

Chapter 11. Building Simulations with Generative Artificial Intelligence
Abstract
In this chapter, we explore the possibilities of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for building realistic simulations of real-world scenarios, such as preparedness for extreme climate events. Our focus is on immersive simulation and narrative rather than scientific simulation for modelling and prediction. Such simulations allow us to experience the impact and effect of dangerous scenarios in relative safety, allowing for planning and preparedness in critical situations before they occur. We examine the current state of the art in generative AI models and look at what future advancements will be necessary to develop realistic simulations.
Jon McCormack, Mick Grierson
PDF Zum Volltext

Open Access

Chapter 12. Rehearsing Emergency Scenarios: Using Space Syntax and Intelligent Mobility Modelling for Scenario Visualisation and Disaster Preparedness
Abstract
Extreme climate events require people to rapidly navigate dynamically changing environments. Wildfires and floods alter the landscape, blocking roads, destroying landmarks and turning the built environment and infrastructure into potential hazards. While various computational methods exist for modelling the ways people move through buildings, urban spaces and transportation networks, there are relatively few examples of these being applied to natural disasters. Moreover, these methods have unexploited potential to support real-time simulation and visualisation of the evolving impacts of climate emergencies. This chapter reviews advanced research using two computational approaches—space syntax and intelligent mobility modelling (IMM)—to visualise the interaction between people, the built environment and infrastructure. These approaches support the simulation of diverse scales of spatial interactions, from individuals to entire populations. Combining examples from the authors of research in these fields with practices and concepts from the arts, this chapter highlights the ways new applications of these methods can support stakeholders’s needs for disaster responsiveness, rehearsal and preparedness.
Michael J. Ostwald, S. Travis Waller
PDF Zum Volltext

Communicating

Frontmatter

Open Access

Chapter 13. Culture, Creativity, and Climate: A Dangerous Gap in Policies of Preparedness
Abstract
This chapter pinpoints a dangerous gap in official policy responses to recent fire and flood emergencies in Australia. The gap is twofold: a relative lack of focus on preparedness and an almost complete lack of focus on the role that arts, culture, and creativity can play in dealing with climate emergencies. A thematic analysis of recommendations in six major bushfire and flood inquiries commissioned between 2020 and 2022 reveals that preparedness is less a focus than resilience, recovery, and response. When preparedness was noted, it was mainly focused on government and government bodies rather than on individuals’ or communities’ preparedness. Several arts and culture organisations’ submissions to these inquiries had virtually no representation in the recommendations. These bodies, though, tend to focus on resilience and recovery. There is an emerging academic literature supporting the preparedness perspective, but to achieve a step change in preparedness to address the accelerating climate crisis, we need coordinated use cases of fused arts and advanced technology presented elsewhere in this book. Without the ability to imaginatively preview what near-future climate shocks could look and feel like, it is almost impossible to believe their likelihood, let alone prepare, especially in frontline communities.
Stuart Cunningham, Sora Park, Kerry McCallum, Dennis Del Favero, Janet Fulton
PDF Zum Volltext

Open Access

Chapter 14. Creatively Reimagining Place and Community in a World of Extreme Weather
Abstract
This chapter explores connections between place, community and narrative in the context of a world beset by extreme weather events. Drawing on insights and readings from three disciplines—theatre studies, screen studies and architecture—the chapter constructs a rich picture of the ways these fields contribute to definitions of place and can potentially enhance disaster preparedness and recovery activities. Edward S. Casey’s theories of place and community provide a connecting thread throughout the chapter, along with his ideas about selfhood, “implacement” and the environment as a source of danger. As both an example of a work that begins to address these themes and a catalyst for discussion, the chapter examines the television series Fires (Ayres et al., Fires [TV Series]. Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2021), which dramatises the 2019–2020 Black Summer fire season in Australia. Starting with a broad view of the context depicted in this series, the focus then shifts to individual experience and finally emotional responses. The chapter concludes by considering future research opportunities through which the disciplines of theatre studies, screen studies and architecture can leverage applications of advanced technology to contribute to disaster preparedness, responsiveness and recovery.
Helena Grehan, Belinda Smaill, Michael J. Ostwald
PDF Zum Volltext

Open Access

Chapter 15. Communicating in Crisis: Community Practices of Online Participation During Extreme Events
Abstract
This chapter surveys research into the communication among community members affected by extreme events with digital platforms such as social media and messaging apps before, during and after the events. While there is extant literature on how people adopt effective strategies in sharing real-time information during a major crisis, fewer studies examine the entirety of the process, particularly around preparing communities and individuals, and even fewer focus on how community members seek and share social support. This chapter examines both aspects of digital communication—emotive and informative—to better understand the role digital platforms can play in extreme events in supporting more effective responses. It also identifies gaps in the literature on the role of social media in preparing individuals and communities for catastrophic climate events.
Sora Park, Susan Atkinson, Janet Fulton, Gabrielle Wong-Parodi, Lara Mani
PDF Zum Volltext

Conclusion

Frontmatter

Open Access

Chapter 16. Conclusion
Abstract
Let us start with two pieces of data, one from history and one from economics, and a deduction drawn from sociology and politics. The first, from 85 years ago, occurred when the judge presiding over an Australian Royal Commission into the devastating “Black Saturday” bushfires pronounced “We have not lived long enough”. What he meant was that European settlers in this country, Australia, had not learned how to live in a land characterised by climatic extremes of drought, fire and flood. The words echo in environmental historian Tom Griffiths’ “we have not yet lived long enough”, after his review of the long history of lack of preparedness for such events, despite the repetitiousness with which that lack of preparedness has issued forth from reports and enquiries too numerous to mention here. The second is the Productivity Commission’s (2014) finding that 97% of Australia’s public funds spent on disasters went to crisis management and recovery and only 3% on preparedness. What we might derive from these points is that “there is no such thing as a natural disaster” (Hartman & Squires, 2006). The history of Indigenous fire management over millennia, leading to early European settlers’ puzzlement over what appeared to be curated/estate like landscapes, underscores the fact that human preparedness and the lack of it are material factors in the severity and impact of any “natural” disaster, that is, if we may have lived long enough by now.
Stuart Cunningham, Jane W. Davidson, Alethea Blackler
PDF Zum Volltext
Metadaten
Titel
Climate Disaster Preparedness
herausgegeben von
Dennis Del Favero
Susanne Thurow
Michael J. Ostwald
Ursula Frohne
Copyright-Jahr
2024
Electronic ISBN
978-3-031-56114-6
Print ISBN
978-3-031-56113-9
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56114-6

Premium Partner

    Bildnachweise